That’s why it is important to identify those and quickly find even in complex positions. [18] Lucena and later masters like Portuguese Pedro Damiano, Italians Giovanni Leonardo Di Bona, Giulio Cesare Polerio and Gioachino Greco, and Spanish bishop Ruy López de Segura developed elements of openings and started to analyze simple endgames.

In the animated diagram, the pawn on c7 can be advanced to the eighth rank and be promoted.

In quiet positions with many possibilities on both sides, a deep calculation is more difficult and may not be practical, while in positions with a limited number of forced variations, strong players can calculate long sequences of moves. There is no clear line between the opening and the middlegame, but typically the middlegame will start when most pieces have been developed. [clarification needed], The game was first introduced to the West in Thomas Hyde's De ludis orientalibus libri duo, published in 1694. Chaturanga was played on an 8×8 uncheckered board, called ashtāpada,[5] which is also the name of a game. Chess's international governing body is FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs). "[3], राजा किसी भी दिशा में एक खाने में जा सकता है, राजा एक विशेष चाल भी चल सकता है जो "केस्लिंग" या किलेबंदी कही  जाती है और इसमें हाथी भी शामिल है। अगर राजा को चलने बाध्य किया और किसी भी तरफ चल नहीं सकता तो मान लीजिये कि खेल समाप्त हो गया। नहीं चल सकने वाले राजा को खिलाड़ी हाथ में लेकर बोलता है- 'मात' या 'मैं हार स्वीकार करता हूँ'।, वज़ीर (रानी) हाथी और ऊंट की शक्ति को जोड़ता है और ऊपर-नीचे, दायें-बाएँ तथा टेढ़ा कितने भी वर्ग जा सकता है, लेकिन यह अन्य टुकड़े पर छलांग नहीं लगा सकता है। मान लीजिए पैदल सैनिक का एक अंक है तो वजीर का ९ अंक है।, केवल अपने रंग वाले चौरस में चल सकता है। याने काला ऊँट काले चौरस में ओर सफेद ऊंट सफेद चौरस में। सैनिक के हिसाब से इसका तीन अंक है।  ऊंट किसी भी दिशा में टेढ़ा कितने भी वर्ग चल सकता है, लेकिन अन्य टुकड़े पर छलांग नहीं लगा

Not every reduction of material is good for this purpose; for example, if one side keeps a light-squared bishop and the opponent has a dark-squared one, the transformation into a bishops and pawns ending is usually advantageous for the weaker side only, because an endgame with bishops on opposite colors is likely to be a draw, even with an advantage of a pawn, or sometimes even with a two-pawn advantage. To resolve ambiguities, an additional letter or number is added to indicate the file or rank from which the piece moved (e.g.

It is truely an honest kynde of enterteynmente and wittie, quoth Syr Friderick. [59][60], Chess is taught to children in schools around the world today. The oldest known chess manual was in Arabic and dates to 840–850, written by al-Adli ar-Rumi (800–870), a renowned Arab chess player, titled Kitab ash-shatranj (Book of the chess). Want even more fun? " प्यादा से फर्जी भयो, टेढो-टेढो जाय ! Basic checkmates are positions in which one side has only a king and the other side has one or two pieces and can checkmate the opposing king, with the pieces working together with their king. [note 6] He wrote: The chess machine is an ideal one to start with, since: (1) the problem is sharply defined both in allowed operations (the moves) and in the ultimate goal (checkmate); (2) it is neither so simple as to be trivial nor too difficult for satisfactory solution; (3) chess is generally considered to require "thinking" for skillful play; a solution of this problem will force us either to admit the possibility of a mechanized thinking or to further restrict our concept of "thinking"; (4) the discrete structure of chess fits well into the digital nature of [96] FIDE also awards titles for arbiters and trainers.[97][98]. The leading finishers in these Interzonals would go on the "Candidates" stage, which was initially a tournament, and later a series of knockout matches. The objective is to checkmate the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. चतुरंग; बाहरी कड़ियाँ. Hsu, F.H. The game-tree complexity of chess was first calculated by Claude Shannon as 10120, a number known as the Shannon number. [3] Rules published by national governing bodies, or by unaffiliated chess organizations, commercial publishers, etc., may differ. Captures are not indicated. The eastern migration of chess, into China and Southeast Asia, has even less documentation than its migration west. Pawns become more important. [44] In 1993, Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short broke with FIDE to organize their own match for the title and formed a competing Professional Chess Association (PCA). In the 7th century, it was adopted as chatrang in Sassanid Persia, which in turn was the form of chess brought to … Analog chess clocks have been largely replaced by digital clocks, which allow for time controls with increments.

[143][144] A 2016 meta-analysis and review based on 19 studies and a total sample size of 1,779 found that various aspects of general intelligence correlate with chess skill, with average correlations ranging from 0.13 (visuospatial ability) to 0.35 (numerical ability). Kasparov and Karpov contested five world title matches between 1984 and 1990; Karpov never won his title back. How to write a conclusion for a high school essay easiest way to write a research essay feedback essay sample! Chess खेल के बारे में कुछ ज़रूरी नियम – Chess Rules . Castling is described by the king's move only; e.g. As Black, Botvinnik strove for the initiative from the beginning. Castiglione explains it further: And what say you to the game at chestes? The game reached Western Europe and Russia by at least three routes, the earliest being in the 9th century. A move that places the opponent's king in check usually has the notation "+" added (the notation "++" for a double check is considered obsolete). The players of the sets are referred to as White and Black, respectively.

Middlegame combinations are often connected with an attack against the opponent's king. [38] Botvinnik revolutionized opening theory. (2004). Chaturanga was played on an 8×8 uncheckered board, called ashtāpada[11] . The objective in chaturanga, the same as modern chess, is to checkmate the opponent's Raja (king).

Many chess clubs, chess books, and chess journals appeared. [36], Between the world wars, chess was revolutionized by the new theoretical school of so-called hypermodernists like Aron Nimzowitsch and Richard Réti. [141], A relationship between chess skill and intelligence has long been discussed in the literature and popular culture. The king is more valuable than all of the other pieces combined, since its checkmate loses the game. His successor (1927) was the Russian-French Alexander Alekhine, a strong attacking player who died as the world champion in 1946. modern computers.[119].

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