The limited literature that evaluates this potential future technology reports median life cycle GHG emissions... similar to or lower than LWRs [Gen II light water reactors] and purports to consume little or no uranium ore. A specific risk of the sodium-cooled fast reactor is related to using metallic sodium as a coolant. Besides, construction and operation of PDEC facilities would create over 800 new jobs in Seversk,” said Vitaly Khadeev, Vice President for Development of Closed Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technologies and Industrial Facilities at TVEL JSC. TerraPower's Traveling Wave Reactor Technology page has a graphic showing the physical design of their reactor. Currently, active members of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) include: Australia, Canada, China, the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), France, Japan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The 20 MWe EBR II operated successfully for over thirty years at the Idaho National Laboratory, until it was shut down in 1994. Exactly one year after achieving first criticality, China's experimental fast neutron reactor has been connected to the electricity grid. The fluid would reach criticality by flowing into a core where graphite would serve as the moderator. It will use a direct Brayton cycle gas turbine for high thermal efficiency. Generation IV reactors (Gen IV) are a set of nuclear reactor designs currently being researched for commercial applications by the Generation IV International Forum. Today, 98 reactors provide 20 percent of the electricity consumed in the US. Still, I think it can be fairly stated that the radiological inventory of a sodium cooled TWR would be very large indeed and the chemical stored energy in Sodium coolant also very large which means that the potential is there for a really large accident (INES-7) if any of the SFR engineered safety systems (like the Argon cover gas over the main reactor sodium pool) is ever even momentarily lost as the result of an air leak.. The SCWR concept is being investigated by 32 organizations in 13 countries. Reuters reports that the reactor would have a power output of 345MWe and cost $1bn. The pool-type design, combined with its metal alloy fuel, made the EBR-II passively safe. "The FMR is a new design separate from the EM2," Back told World Nuclear News. One of the design challenges of an SFR is the risks of handling sodium, which reacts explosively if it comes into contact with water. Plutonium(III) chloride, to aid in greater "nuclear waste" closed-fuel cycle capabilities. Inside a nuclear reactor, U-238 atoms capture neutrons released during fission and are converted into plutonium-239 (Pu-239) – a man-made element that also can fuel reactors. [4] Three systems are nominally thermal reactors and four are fast reactors. Xu Mi, chief engineer at the CEFR program at CIEA, told Bloomberg that the unit was connected to the grid at 40% capacity. Hence, no accident scenario can lead to a situation where evacuation becomes necessary. Using the experience gained from the operation of the FBTR, the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, a 500 MWe Sodium cooled fast reactor is being built at a cost of INR 5,677 crores (~US$900 million). The planned construction of the first VHTR, the South African pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR), lost government funding in February 2010.

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