He could not tolerate the thought that a patriarch could have power superior to the tsar, as indeed had happened in the case of Philaret (1619–1633) and Nikon (1652–1666). As a result, Peter was awarded the titles Emperor, the Great, and Father of the Fatherland. Born in 1672. By the end of his reign the two were basically indistinguishable.

Before reading this article, I knew very little about Peter beside the fact that he was Great, but I never really understood the context as to why he was referred to as being great. A threefold attack at Swedish Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish Livonia, and Swedish Ingria did not overwhelm the inexperienced Charles XII. In 1699, he changed the date of the celebration of the new year from September 1 to January 1. Peter’s rule was dominated by the Great Northern War, in which he and his allies successfully challenged the dominance of Sweden in the Baltic region.

Thus, in the year 7207 of the old Russian calendar, Peter proclaimed that the Julian Calendar was in effect and the year was 1700.

Peter also appointed a personal agent to regulate the affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church. Peter admired the English navy, influencing him to expand the Russian powers across the seas. The Russo–Ottoman War of 1710–1711, also known as the Pruth River Campaign, erupted as a consequence of the defeat of Sweden by the Russian Empire in the Battle of Poltava (1709) during the ongoing Great Northern War. Not sure what college you want to attend yet? Sweden parried the Danish and Russian attacks at Travendal and Narva, and in a counter-offensive pushed Augustus II’s forces through the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to Saxony, dethroning Augustus on the way and forcing him to acknowledge defeat in the Treaty of Altranstädt (Augustus was restored in 1709).

However, sharp class divisions, including the already tragic fate of serfs, only deepened. Between 1715 and 1725 Peter constructed the domestic supports for the empire he proclaimed after his victor of Sweden. Capture of Azov by Russian emperor Peter the Great (on horseback) by Adriaan van Schoonebeek, (1699). Western European architects, most notably Swiss Italian Domenico Trezzini and French Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond, shaped the city in the initial stages of its construction. He continued to shut out the Boyars throughout his reign, often by elevating accomplished advisors and generals of lower social rank to important positions normally reserved for the Boyars. In 1708, he established eight governorates and in 1711 the Governing Senate. Soon after taking the throne, Peter centralized power in the monarchy by ruthlessly breaking the power of the Boyars, the traditional nobles in Moscow who had originally obstructed Peter from power.
However, Sophia Alekseyevna, one of Alexis’s daughters from his first marriage, led a rebellion of the Streltsy (Russia’s elite military corps), which made it possible for her, the Miloslavskys (the clan of Ivan), and their allies to insist that Peter and Ivan be proclaimed joint tsars, with Ivan being acclaimed as the senior. Defeating the Swedes was no easy feat, and to accomplish it, Peter enacted several sweeping reforms of the Russian army. Knowing that Russia could not face the Ottoman Empire alone, in 1697 Peter traveled incognito to Europe with the so-called Grand Embassy to seek the aid of the European monarchs. The city was built by conscripted peasants from all over Russia, and tens of thousands of serfs died building it. Unlike most of his predecessors and successors, he attempted to follow Western European traditions, fashions, and tastes.

's' : ''}}. Peter continued to cultivate Russia until his death in 1725.12 All in all, Peter the Great’s reign saw dramatic changes in Russia and helped make it into a wealthier and powerful country. Mercantilism was an Early Modern European economic policy where trade deficits were abhorred and gold bullion was horded, something Peter admired. Peter was determined to “civilize” nobility and even composed a book of manners. The new provinces were modeled on the Swedish system, in which larger, more politically important areas received more political autonomy, while smaller, more rural areas were controlled more directly by the state. He also commanded all of his courtiers and officials to wear European clothing and cut off their … Previously, peasants had skirted the tax by combining several households into one estate. While Peter died without naming a successor, his manipulations led to the death of his only male heir and the crowning of his second wife, Catherine, the Empress. Peter also hoped to improve Russian trade relations with the mercantilist powerhouses of Western Europe. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam.

He ruled as a tyrant and held himself above the law. Peter the Great as a child, artist unknown. For seven years, she ruled as an autocrat. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on the UKDiss.com website then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com.

He began building an entirely new city on the Gulf of Finland in 1703 where only a few fishing huts had resided previously.
first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. Peter suspected his eldest child and heir, Alexei, of being involved in a plot to overthrow the emperor. The status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism.

Attempts at peace with Sweden, which would strengthen Augustus’s hand in dealing with Peter, turned elusive. The Russian rulers built a very autocratic government with a large separation of classes and severely large unequal distribution of the wealth, favorable in wealthy Romanov families. After Poltava, the rule of Augustus II was restored thanks to the support of Peter (Treaty of Thorn) and largely against the will of the Polish–Lithuanian nobility. As a result of this war, Russia gained vast Baltic territories and became one of the greatest powers in Europe. The westernization of Russia, initiated and propagated by Peter the Great was successful because of the change in domestic, military, and foreign policies during his rule. The Russian Church and the nobles, called Boyars, were two prime targets. Peter I the Great introduced autocracy in Russia and played a major role in introducing his country to the European state system. At that time power and wealth in Russia were attainable almost exclusively by working for or with the state, acquisition of status, or chin, bestowed on the holder uniquely privileged status. The taxation changes also led to reclassification because impoverished nobles and low-level clergymen suddenly became part of the serf class. Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a university student. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ. He sought to end arranged marriages, which were the norm among the Russian nobility, seeing the practice as barbaric and leading to domestic violence.

Russia and Poland signed the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686, in which Poland–Lithuania agreed to recognize the Russian incorporation of Kiev and the left-bank of the Ukraine.

Such serfs did not become the property of the purchaser, but became the property of the industrial enterprise and would remain with the enterprise if ownership changed hands. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher?

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