4. Still, Hippolytus maintains his steadfast hatred of womankind. He draws his sword to kill Phaedra, but upon realizing this is what she wants, he casts the weapon away and flees into the forest. He then rails against what he perceives as Phaedra's terrible crime. University of Southern California • ANTH 327. She has a plan; if Hippolytus is not fond of women, he appears to find the regency of Athens attractive, and it is now at Phaedra's disposal. Phaedra's aged nurse interjects that Phaedra should control the passions she feels, for love can be terribly destructive. Although he wished death upon his son, hearing of it causes him to despair. [11] Phaedra, in turn, refers to herself as a hunter: "My joy is to follow in pursuit of the startled beasts and with soft hand to hurl stiff javelins. According to scholar Mairead McAuley, "Roman obsession with both wicked and sexually predatory stepmother figures indicates a prevailing belief that the stepmaternal role led inherently to feminine lack of control and destructive impulses. Get step-by-step explanations, verified by experts. This Phaedra takes on the scheming nature and the cynicism often assigned to the Nurse character. Damschen, Gregor, and Andreas Heil, eds. Introducing Textbook Solutions. Likewise, Hippolytus feels that Phaedra's lust has tainted him, and he does not wish to live in a world that is no longer governed by moral law. [6] In another departure from Euripides' Hippolytus, Phaedra, rather than committing suicide immediately after Hippolytus rejects her advances, is filled with remorse after Hippolytus has been killed and stabs herself. Seneca portrays Phaedra as self-aware and direct in the pursuit of her stepson, while in other treatments of the myth she is more of a passive victim of fate. "Interpretatio Stoica of Senecan Tragedy." Phaedra condemns Theseus for his harshness and turns to Hippolytus' mangled corpse, crying: "Whither is thy glorious beauty fled?" 1984. Hippolytus wakes her. According to Slaney, today the dramas of Seneca "remain a touchstone for creative practitioners seeking to represent the unrepresentable". ", This page was last edited on 1 November 2020, at 20:17. "[13] It is important to note, however, that Seneca does not represent Phaedra as merely a caricature of the evil stepmother, but paints her in a more sympathetic light by showing her inner conflict and turmoil. Phaedra's confession has had an unexpected result. 2. "Women in Senecan tragedy. After their initial encounter, how does Phaedra convince Dr. Calder that she has a legitimate. It is then that Theseus appears, newly returned from the underworld. The nurse replies that Hippolytus should "show [him]self less harsh", enjoy life, and seek the company of women. After the initial encounter, how does Phaedra convince Dr. Calder that she has a legitimate discovery? "In Defence of Seneca’s Phaedra.". When he asks why she is so miserable, she decides to confess her feelings. After the initial encounter, how does Phaedra convince Dr. Calder … In Seneca's version, Phaedra personally conveys her desires to her stepson. Introducing Textbook Solutions. Get step-by-step explanations, verified by experts. [7], The structure and style of Senecan tragedies such as Phaedra have exerted great influence on drama throughout the ages, particularly on tragedy in the time of Shakespeare. What does the doctor tell Phaedra that she has discovered. Out of the ocean's depths, a monstrous bull appeared before Hippolytus' horse-drawn chariot. [13], https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phaedra_(Seneca)&oldid=986591766, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. When Seneca's plays were first revived in the Renaissance, the play that soon came to be known as Phaedra was titled Hippolytus,[1] for example, when presented in Latin in Rome in 1486.[2]. This preview shows page 1 - 2 out of 3 pages. The nurse begs Phaedra not to end her life and promises to help her in her love, saying: "Mine is the task to approach the savage youth and bend the cruel man's relentless will.". [8], In addition to his work as a dramatist, Seneca was a Stoic philosopher. Why does Phaedra go to Athens? Hippolytus agrees, offering to fill his father's shoes while awaiting his return. Learn more about The American with Course Hero's FREE study guides and For a limited time, find answers and explanations to over 1.2 million textbook exercises for FREE! To try and advertise the statue to wealthy americans 4. Phaedra with attendant, probably her nurse, a fresco from Pompeii circa 60–20 BC; Figure 8 Phaedra, wall painting, early first century CE, Pompeii, now Antiquarium di Pompeii, Pompeii, inv. Phaedra appears, swoons and collapses. According to historian Helen Slaney, Senecan tragedy "virtually disappeared" in the 18th century as drama became more regulated and "sensibility supplanted horror". [13], Phaedra believes that her unnatural feelings for Hippolytus can be traced back to the transgressions of her own mother, Pasiphaë, who mated with a bull and gave birth to the Minotaur. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Phaedra is a Roman tragedy written by philosopher and dramatist Lucius Annaeus Seneca before 54 A.D. Its 1280 lines of verse tell the story of Phaedra, wife of King Theseus of Athens and her consuming lust for her stepson, Hippolytus.Based on Greek Mythology and the tragedy Hippolytus by Greek playwright Euripides, Seneca's Phaedra is one of several artistic explorations of this tragic story. [3] Historians generally agree that Seneca did not intend for his plays to be performed in the public theaters of Rome, but rather privately recited for gatherings of fashionable and educated audiences. The doctor tells Phaedra that she had a hallucination of the statue 3. Major themes of Phaedra include the laws of nature as interpreted according to Stoic philosophy; animal imagery and hunting; and the damaging effects of the sexual transgressions of mothers and stepmothers. "[12] In the end, Phaedra can be seen to meet a fate similar to that of her mother, for her unnatural lust brings about the creation of the monstrous bull that dismembers Hippolytus. A Messenger arrives to inform Theseus that Hippolytus is dead. "The Nurse as a Plot-Maker in Seneca’s Phaedra. Theseus orders the nurse to be bound in chains and tormented until she confesses her mistress' secret. She reveals that she had falsely accused Hippolytus of her own crime, falls on her sword and dies. 3. [5 points] 5. Phaedra has been left alone to care for the palace, and she finds herself pining for the forests and the hunt. For a limited time, find answers and explanations to over 1.2 million textbook exercises for FREE! Impious sin is worse than monstrous passion; for monstrous love thou mayest impute to fate, but crime, to character. 2. [3] The generally accepted historical assumption is that Hippolytus Veiled was not favorably received in a tragic competition due to its portrayal of Phaedra as brazen and forward in her pursuit of her stepson. Hippolytus lost control of his terrified horses, and his limbs became entwined in the reins. [8] Seneca's Phaedra saw a resurgence of influence in the 20th century with productions of Tony Harrison's Phaedra Britannica (1975), Sarah Kane's Phaedra's Love (1996). His body was dragged through the forest, and his limbs were torn asunder. What does the doctor tell Phaedra that she has discovered? Movie Review--Boy on a Dolphin - Name(Printed_Date Movie Review Boy on a Dolphin(1957 Characters Dr James(Jim Calder(the archaeologist Victor Parmalee, 81 out of 87 people found this document helpful, Name (Printed) _____________________________________________Date: _______________, Dr. James (Jim) Calder (the archaeologist), Victor Parmalee, Phaedra, Niko, Rhif, Dr. Hawkins, Milidias, What happens to Phaedra’s (Sophia Loren’s) leg after seeing the Boy on a Dolphin/what does the, Phaedra saw a statue of a boy on a dolphin and as she swims to take a closer look she cuts her leg on. [11] Later in the play, Hippolytus transitions from hunter to prey, as Phaedra becomes the predator in the pursuit of her stepson. The Greek playwright Euripides wrote two versions of the tragedy, the lost Hippolytus Veiled and the extant Hippolytus (428 B.C.E.). "The First Chorus of Seneca’s Phaedra. Based on Greek Mythology and the tragedy Hippolytus by Greek playwright Euripides, Seneca's Phaedra is one of several artistic explorations of this tragic story. "Why make the crime of few the blame of all?" [10] Hippolytus does not himself represent Stoic ideals. The Stoics believed that reason and the laws of nature must always govern human behavior. The Chorus then condemns Phaedra's wicked scheme. Phaedra declares that she will commit suicide. Many historians believe that Euripides wrote Hippolytus in order to correct this characterization, and to present Phaedra as chaste, and suffering at the hands of the gods. ", Frangoulidis, Stavros. The Chorus interjects, praising Hippolytus' beauty but noting that beauty is subject to the wiles of time. [6], During his life, Seneca (4–5 B.C.E.–65 C.E.) The doctor removes a nail from the wound in her leg then patches her up. the nurse asks. In spite of her humiliation, her hopes have been revived and she now urges a reluctant Oenone to plead her case with Hippolytus. Technical devices such as asides and soliloquies, in addition to a focus on the supernatural and the destructive power of obsessive emotions, can all be traced back to Seneca. Theseus is despondent. He orders that Hippolytus be given a proper burial. [11], In Phaedra, Seneca addresses the pervasive Roman stereotype of the amoral and wicked stepmother. What does the doctor tell Phaedra that she has discovered? What does the doctor remove from the wound? 2014. Phaedra subtly suggests that Hippolytus should take his father's place, as Theseus will likely never return from the underworld. November 17, 2013: Produced by the Antaeus Company and featuring Francia DiMase as Phaedra, Bloch, David. What does the doctor tell Phaedra that she has discovered? She argues that love can often change stubborn dispositions. Gérard claims that these plot differences show a historical shift from the Greek "shame culture" priority of preserving one's reputation, to the Roman "guilt culture" priority of repentance. Aghast, he cries out that he is "guilty", for he has "stirred [his] stepmother to love". [5] Literary scholar Albert S. Gérard states that, unlike the Phaedra of Hippolytus, Seneca's Phaedra is a thoughtful and intelligent character that acknowledges the improper and amoral nature of her feelings towards her stepson, yet still pursues him. He denies ordinary human social bonds and isolates himself from society, thus making his moral existence unstable, especially in the face of his stepmother's unnatural advances. What is paragraph 9 of the Greek Penal Code and why was it written? Start studying Phaedra - Quiz 1. Phaedra wonders if she is as doomed as her mother was. In art. The Chorus asserts that the order of the world has become skewed: "wretched poverty dogs the pure, and the adulterer, strong in wickedness, reigns supreme.". After the Chorus sings of the power of love, Phaedra goes into an emotional frenzy, and the nurse begs the goddess Diana to soften Hippolytus' heart and make him fall in love with Phaedra. Phaedra said she saw a boy like hers in his museum and claims she saw the same one on a … [5] The influence of Phaedra in particular can further be seen in dramas of 16th and 17th century France with Robert Garnier's Hippolyte (1573) and Racine's Phèdre (1677). The Chorus proclaims that the gods most readily target mortals of wealth or power, while "the low-roofed, common home ne'er feels [Jove's] mighty blasts". 2. "Crime must be concealed by crime", the nurse decides, and plots with Phaedra to accuse Hippolytus of incestuous desire. [5 points] 3. If an offer of love has not touched his heart, perhaps an offer of power may do so.

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