For that reason, this resource is sometimes called “tar sands,” but that term is incorrect because bitumen and tar (asphalt) are different compounds. The vast majority of bitumen used in asphalt for road construction is conven- tional bitumen; that is why it is often known as paving grade. This bitumen is the residual material that is left behind after the crude oil fractional distillation process. Oil sands are a mixture of sand, water and bitumen (oil that is too heavy or thick to flow on its own). This process removes the lighter liquid and leaves a thick sticky substance that, in the case of asphalt, will hold heavy aggregate like stones and gravel with sand. The technology hasn't been developed for lighter forms of oil, but it could make shipping bitumen and other heavy oil products safer, CN believes. Bitumen can be produced to different specifications depending on how it’s going to be used but in all cases, bitumen is created by distilling crude oil. Bitumen usually forms in environments with abundant algae, plants, and other organic matter. It is found that crudes from Middle east and the North Sea have to undergo further process even after distillation to get final bitumen. 2:33 The term ‘pen grade’ is short for penetration grade, and reflects the fact that this type of product is often classified (in Europe and parts of Asia) using the penetration test. Bitumen is so thick that at room temperature it acts much like cold molasses. The crudes from different countries vary based on their respective bitumen content. Bitumen is a primary engineering material,due to its low cost as compared to other binding materials it is used in relatively thick films to provide protective film against corrosive influences and weather.Bitumen is a dense viscous material,dark black or brown in color,used as a binding and waterproofing material. Alberta Innovates will award $2 million in funding to several different research projects which focus on turning bitumen into products other than gas, diesel and other fuels. Because of this, it typically forms under the same conditions as oil and coal, namely in lakes, marshes, and areas of high vegetation where plant matter can be preserved in mud deposits which become altered due to heat and pressure as they get buried.

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