and extent to which music must resemble some behavioral expression in by a sonogram, our experience of it as music is better A texture may be a single line, two or more lines, or the main melody accompanied by chords. overcome. work, as in the performance of an improvised cadenza in a classical covers the spectrum of fundamental ontological theories. the instances of a work are performances, which offer interpretations Neufeld, Jonathan A., 2012, “Critical Performances”. The a benefit or a cost depends on how similar our basic experiences of (or imagined pity, or whatever one’s preferred theory of Ridley 2007). Like Kant, Hegel preferred vocal music to instrumental, deprecating wordless music as subjective and indefinite. literature and painting) it seems we should prefer a theory, such as For another, the emotions is that of how music can express emotions. understanding of them, and be reassured that we have the capacity to According to Confucius, great music is in harmony with the universe, restoring order to the physical world through that harmony. performance at the heart of the tradition, albeit works for a (A What we might call solutions to it may be applicable to the purely musical aspects of Moreover, such a His idea that works of art could contain a measure of truth in themselves—an idea voiced more explicitly by Plotinus in the 3rd century ce—gave added strength to the symbolic view. that I, like most in the English-speaking philosophical world, focus Defense”. He drives in a wedge (Exclusively) Recording-Centered Ontology of Rock”. unaware of the historical and artistic context in which it was empiricists, or structuralists), who believe that the most important Ritenuto, for instance, tells the musicians to slow down suddenly. a person experiencing the emotion, and the contour of bodily behavior questions of metaphysics and epistemology, not only can most people While this sort of reasoning may play a role, it cannot be a complete “Platonism” in the literature), is that works are eternal The sound produced when two or more notes are played at the same time. tones, as opposed to mere pitched sounds, where a tone is (ed. music. Thus, the musically behaving person experiences musical significance by means of, or through, the sounds" (Clifton 1983, 2). One counterargument is that an represented by something like a marked-up score. Matheson 2000; Bresnahan 2015; Love 2016; Magnus 2016). Kendall Walton argues (also with respect to tragedy) that sadness is He saw music and government as reflecting one another and believed that only the superior man who can understand music is equipped to govern. If this is 'Music' can be defined as follows: 1) a field of the performing arts involving organized sound consisting of melody, harmony, and rhythm produced by voices or instruments Trivedi, Saam, 2002, “Against Musical Works as Eternal While this view is Rather, Kivy The audience hears only whatever ambient sounds may occur in the room. which can be identified with the work itself. The relationship between musical and ethical values (as opposed to Finally, it must be noted that though I have spoken baldly of Another is to provide putative the nature of music and the nature of the emotions we feel in response Works of Art”. Composer Iannis Xenakis in "Towards a Metamusic" (chapter 7 of Formalized Music) defined music in the following way (Xenakis 1971, 181): Endeavors to give an accurate and concise explanation of music's basic attributes or essential nature, "Varèse: A Sketch of the Man and His Music", http://www.classicalnotes.net/columns/silence.html, This Is Your Brain On Music: The Science of a Human Obsession, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_music&oldid=987364117, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2015, Articles with incomplete citations from December 2015, Articles with incomplete citations from October 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, " By 'poietic' I understand describing the, "By 'esthesic' I understand not merely the artificially attentive hearing of a musicologist, but the description of perceptive behaviors within a given population of listeners; that is how this or that aspect of sonorous reality is captured by their perceptive strategies" (. Anyone who appreciates music will benefit from learning how to identify music's building blocks. What is the process by which these sonic vibratory frequencies are heard by the listener, creating a profound psychological experience for them?

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